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station this is houston are you ready

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we are ready for the event

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south suburban college this is mission

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control houston please call station for

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a voice check

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station this is congresswoman robin

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kelly joined by senator dick durbin at

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south suburban college here with our

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we read you loud and clear we're very

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excited to talk with you and the

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students today

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fortune do you have any advice for the

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future generations of scientists and

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you know i think my advice to future

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engineers and astronauts is to work

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really hard and study hard just like

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your parents say because whenever you

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work hard and you put a lot of time into

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something you get better and it's like

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money in the bank and you can use that

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later the other thing i would give you

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as a piece of advice is that you should

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dream big because the bigger your dream

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the harder you work and the more you'll

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after spending six

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months in space what kind of problems do

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that's a great question because we're

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here in weightlessness we don't exercise

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our muscles even moving around

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the space station like we do on the

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ground when we walk and do all the

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things that we have to do to fight

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gravity when we're on the ground

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so if we didn't exercise up here our

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muscles would atrophy in fact our bones

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would atrophy and get weak as well

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so to keep our muscles strong and our

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bones strong we exercise every day we

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have a treadmill and we wear a harness

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that pulls us down into the into the

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treadmill to be able to run on it we

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have a cycle ergometer that kind of like

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a stationary bicycle

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and we use that also for exercise and

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then finally we have a machine we call

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it the resistive exercise device and

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it's the equivalent of lifting weights

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in the gym down on earth and we use all

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that equipment to keep our muscles and

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our bones strong and prepared to return

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or tim

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please tell me a little bit more about

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what did i eat today that's a good

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question you know because food's

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important right food is it tastes good

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and you know you sit around the table in

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our case we float around the table and

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and we have conversation so i had some

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tuna fish i didn't bring any tuna fish

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but i brought a package of tortillas and

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a lot of times we'll put food on

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tortillas just because it's easy to eat

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and it's it's tasty

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and

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you know a lot of our food comes in

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rehydratable containers like this and we

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plug it into

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um

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a water adapter and it fills it with hot

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water if you want hot water and then we

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can also fill up drink bags in fact i

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have a drink bag right here

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where we have our water dispenser and we

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can fill it up and have our drinks as

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well and then some of our food comes in

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packets like this and we put it into a

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little heater and after about 10 or 15

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minutes our food is hot so that's what

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for jeff how was your understanding of

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the universe change after seeing it from

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boy that's a very profound question i

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don't know if it's changed a whole lot

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about the whole universe but it but i

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suppose it has but in particular it has

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changed about uh my view of

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that part of creation we call earth

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which is our home and seeing the the

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resources on earth

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seeing the atmosphere on earth

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everything that provides

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for a habitable place for us to live

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i've grown to appreciate that

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significantly looking at the crops and

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the agriculture and the human activity

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around the globe as we circle the globe

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every 90 minutes

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i also appreciate the mathematical order

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in the universe the fact that we can fly

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in space and we can launch in a rocket

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and rendezvous with the space station

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is because there is precision in the

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order in the universe so those are just

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a couple of things that i've grown in my

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appreciation for

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spending time up here on the space

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for tim what happens to cargo ships once

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well it's a great question it depends on

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the cargo ship and right now we have two

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cargo ships docked to our space station

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we have a cygnus vehicle that's just

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behind us and it's still full of lots of

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equipment that we need to unload once

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we're done we'll pack it full of our

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trash and once it leaves station it

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burns up in the atmosphere in front of

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us we have a dragon vehicle and the

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dragon is getting packed up and all that

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equipment will land in the ocean it'll

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come down through the atmosphere and

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then a parachute will deploy and land

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softly in the ocean be retrieved and

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that equipment can be reused back on

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for jeff what is it like living in space

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what challenges do you face and what do

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well there's a lot to like about living

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in space of course you can do a lot of

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things in weightlessness that you can't

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do

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on the earth and we take advantage of

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that the view is great you never get

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tired of viewing the earth out the

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window we all up here are in the habit

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of taking lots of photography of the

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earth there's a never-ending variety of

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land forms ocean

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weather currents

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horizons sunsets sunrises moon sets moon

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rises just everything you can imagine

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and perhaps you've seen some of the

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photography that we've been able to take

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so so it's very interesting living up

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here some of the challenges are just

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practical

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it's hard to to manage things if you if

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you're trying to handle a few things and

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you let it go sometimes it'll drift away

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and you you lose sight of where it is so

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it's very easy to lose things so you you

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have to learn how to manage your stuff

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as you work up here but overall it's

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just it's a lot of fun to be here we all

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become kids again i think we love to

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play with our food

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tossing

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candy or whatever back and forth

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or eating uh or drinking a bubble of

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water that's floating in the air in

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front of you things like that

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for tim do you sometimes feel frustrated

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in space because you cannot move around

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no it's a great question i don't think

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i've ever felt frustrated but definitely

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when you first get here you're really

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uncoordinated you feel clumsy and

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awkward and what i've found is we've

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been here for a little bit over four

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months

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over time you become more and more

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adapted to your environment you move in

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a different way and you come become

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maybe a little bit more graceful you

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know you still bump into things but i

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wouldn't call it frustration i would

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just say that sometimes we're a little

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bit awkward up here and we have to get

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for jeff what do you miss the most from

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oh that the answer to that question

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should be obvious it's family friends

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and family

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that's what we miss the most and that is

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always the first and number one on the

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list

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it's a long time being up here we were

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in russia a couple months before launch

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so you even add that time to the time up

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here so it can be seven eight or nine

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months separation away from the family

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we have good connectivity we talk every

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day we have a video conference with our

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family once a week

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so it's good in that way but then

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there's some practical things you miss

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up here you miss the smells of nature of

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of the the sound of the breeze chirping

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birds things like that that we take for

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granted

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for we don't have any of that up here we

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live in a pretty sterile environment

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we we don't have a lot of quiet up here

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because fans and pumps are running

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continually so you can't get to a place

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that's quiet

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so those are

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on a practical

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level some of the things that i miss up

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for tim can you tell us about some of

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the experiments you are currently

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you know it's a great question because

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our main job up here is to uh to work

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really as an extension of the scientists

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on the ground because we have this

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amazing orbiting laboratory a lot of the

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experiments we do here on board are to

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understand the effects of zero gravity

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on the human body and so we have an

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ultrasound machine we have some very

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high speed scanners and photography for

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our eyes we can understand the impact of

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zero gravity but then there's really

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interesting science experiments as well

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i had the opportunity to work with uh

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combustion experiment here on space

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station so we were burning items so

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there's a full gamut of different kinds

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of experiments some to focus on on the

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human body some on physical science and

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then some on technology as well so it's

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a it's a huge variety pack of things for

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us to do and hopefully we can produce

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for jeff

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so what do you do

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for fun why are you in space can you

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uh well most of the fun that we have up

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here has to do with being in the space

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station and in a weightless environment

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personally i have kind of a rule where i

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don't spend a whole lot of time doing

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things that i can do

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uh on earth i want to i want to take

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advantage of the opportunity of being

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here so

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of course you know we have uh email and

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we communicate in other ways with

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friends and family on the ground so

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we'll spend time on that

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but most of our free time is spent in a

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window

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studying the earth and taking

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photographs of the earth or doing our

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own little experiments uh trying to to

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maybe take a videotape of how

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water floats around and how fluids

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behave in in space or objects behave in

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space like this so that we can try to

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demonstrate weightlessness but mostly

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it's just having fun in the weightless

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for tim how was the international space

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great question the space station was

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built

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mainly through uh rocket launches on the

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russian side and through items that were

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in the payload bay of the space shuttle

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and so it was built piece by piece this

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module that we're in right now the u.s

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lab went up on a space shuttle and

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little by little the space shuttles

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brought these up they were removed out

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of the payload bay with a robotic arm

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they were connected with a robotic arm

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and then assembled with space walkers

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out in space and so

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after many many dozens of flights

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actually we're able to have this

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tremendous station and it's been a very

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long and arduous process but uh we're

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very very proud of the work that the

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entire lineage of people that have

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for jeff

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how are you able to be

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how are you trying to know where

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are you trying to know where every body

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uh that's a great question because this

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is a huge space station it would be the

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size of a

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000 square foot house and there are

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buttons and controls and computers and

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instruments and other things all over it

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so we have this great ground team

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in mission controls centers around the

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world to include houston which is the of

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course the main mission control center

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for

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they a team of folks that do all the

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planning for every day's activity and

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part of that planning is precisely

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telling us what we need to do as we go

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through each procedure so that we have

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those

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to look at if we need to to find even to

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find stuff that's stowed away like in a

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closet somewhere

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we have to go collect up the equipment

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for an operation and then every switch

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throw every button push

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every computer action is specified in a

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procedure that that team on the ground

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for tim how much oxygen supply do you

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you know it's a great question because

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the environment in which we live is

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exactly what we bring up here or what we

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produce and so we keep a reserve of

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oxygen we have maybe you know four

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months or so of reserve oxygen here on

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board but we produce oxygen and

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there's air that comes up on some of the

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russian resupply vehicles and so we

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always keep a good supply up here we

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have some some tanks that we actually

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load oxygen outside our vehicle for

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spacewalks and we use that oxygen for

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certain things so we always keep a

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buffer and we actually have some

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emergency measures to produce oxygen if

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for jeff how did you adjust the earth's

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atmosphere after you came back from

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uh coming back from space is quite a

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shock to the system because we we're up

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here we're in that weightless

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environment so we're not experiencing

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the uh tremendous force of gravity while

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we're up here and after being here for

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six months it's quite a shock on the

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body uh to get back to earth and to uh

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to even to stand up for the first time

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maybe minutes after we get out of the

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the spacecraft uh the capsule in the

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middle of kazakhstan uh so we go through

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a re uh rehabilitation program we work

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with trainers in the gym every day

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for about 45 days or so

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doing weight lifting and stretching and

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and flexibility exercises to regain the

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strength that we weren't able to

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maintain

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on that equipment that i talked about

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earlier

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you also have a sense of balance that

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not regenerate but you have to regain

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your sense of balance because your

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vestibular system which provides your

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sense of balance doesn't work up here

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because it depends on gravity so that

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can take a few days before you you get

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over your your dizziness or your

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awkwardness in terms of sense of balance

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and then the final way that you're

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affected the major way that you're

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affected is a potential for bone loss i

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mentioned your muscles get weak and your

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bones also get weak

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uh if you don't exercise effectively up

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here

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than we used to have so we don't have

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this uh problem as much as we used to

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have but we used to have suffered bone

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loss which could take up to oh a year

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this is for tim how do you mentally

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you know it's a great question we have a

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great training program that actually

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starts from the very beginning when you

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become an astronaut and we focus on on

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making sure that we're technically

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competent so that we know exactly what

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our job is and if you know what you're

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doing if you feel competent and

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you have

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confidence in what you're going to do i

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think that reduces the stress but in

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terms of the the long-term

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time we spend up here and away from

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training it's really a step-by-step

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process because uh you know both jeff

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and i spent a lot of time away from home

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in training and so maybe a month at a

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time and frankly that actually prepares

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00:16:11,030 --> 00:16:09,279
you for separation from family because

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you're used to that even though it's not

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comfortable and you don't like to be

389
00:16:16,150 --> 00:16:14,160
away from your family you get used to it

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00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:16,160
to a certain extent and then we also

391
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train

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as a crew we've spent we've both spent

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time underwater for over a week at a

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time

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working with a small crew in a very

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intense kind of mission we've been on

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camping trips with small groups with

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very challenging scenarios and so all

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00:16:35,430 --> 00:16:33,600
those things piece together to make us

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well prepared to be away from home and

401
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to work up here for a long period of

402
00:16:46,470 --> 00:16:42,230
what happens if there is a medical

403
00:16:51,189 --> 00:16:48,870
that's a great question because

404
00:16:52,949 --> 00:16:51,199
only occasionally do we have a medical

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00:16:55,350 --> 00:16:52,959
doctor on the crew because there are a

406
00:16:58,870 --> 00:16:55,360
few astronauts that are medical doctors

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00:17:01,350 --> 00:16:58,880
most of the time we do not though so

408
00:17:03,269 --> 00:17:01,360
most of us and tim and i both have gone

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00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:03,279
through extensive training on the ground

410
00:17:07,189 --> 00:17:05,360
in the medical field we've spent time in

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emergency rooms

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working in real hospitals with real

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00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:12,799
cases we've got a staff of trainers

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at nasa in houston at johnson space

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00:17:19,510 --> 00:17:17,360
center that train us on all the medical

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00:17:21,429 --> 00:17:19,520
procedures then we have a staff of

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doctors and medical technicians in

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houston that serve in the mission

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control center and they're always on

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council

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and if we have

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00:17:32,870 --> 00:17:30,000
something occur on board here we can do

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the immediate response for an emergency

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00:17:36,390 --> 00:17:34,400
helping each other out we're well

425
00:17:38,789 --> 00:17:36,400
equipped we we're equipped like a small

426
00:17:41,029 --> 00:17:38,799
emergency room here on board the space

427
00:17:42,630 --> 00:17:41,039
station so we have all the equipment and

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00:17:44,310 --> 00:17:42,640
then we would have that team on the

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00:17:46,549 --> 00:17:44,320
ground help us

430
00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:46,559
through any procedures or further

431
00:17:54,710 --> 00:17:49,520
response that we need to uh to do in in

432
00:17:57,750 --> 00:17:55,909
for tim

433
00:18:02,549 --> 00:17:57,760
what personal belongings can an

434
00:18:05,590 --> 00:18:03,830
it's a great question because you want

435
00:18:07,669 --> 00:18:05,600
to bring things that remind you of home

436
00:18:09,669 --> 00:18:07,679
and uh and sort of give you that mental

437
00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:09,679
comfort i think all of us bring lots of

438
00:18:13,190 --> 00:18:11,280
photographs of our family and our

439
00:18:15,029 --> 00:18:13,200
friends and maybe some of our favorite

440
00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:15,039
places we're actually not very

441
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:16,880
constrained on what we can bring up it's

442
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:18,799
really about the volume and the weight

443
00:18:22,789 --> 00:18:20,880
of what we bring up and so a lot of us

444
00:18:25,510 --> 00:18:22,799
bring some of our favorite books maybe

445
00:18:28,150 --> 00:18:25,520
some some t-shirts from your university

446
00:18:29,669 --> 00:18:28,160
or something that you're very fond of

447
00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:29,679
and so it's just things that remind you

448
00:18:34,390 --> 00:18:32,400
of home and then one nice thing is that

449
00:18:35,990 --> 00:18:34,400
oftentimes we'll have

450
00:18:38,230 --> 00:18:36,000
crew care packages that come up on our

451
00:18:40,310 --> 00:18:38,240
visiting vehicles and so like just today

452
00:18:42,789 --> 00:18:40,320
i opened a letter from my wife that she

453
00:18:44,549 --> 00:18:42,799
had sent up before and i have a ball cap

454
00:18:46,390 --> 00:18:44,559
from a university of my hometown

455
00:18:48,470 --> 00:18:46,400
university of texas so those kind of

456
00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:48,480
things they really they add to the

457
00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:50,480
experience and remind you of home and

458
00:18:57,590 --> 00:18:55,750
tim and jeff this is senator dick durbin

459
00:19:00,390 --> 00:18:57,600
we want to thank you but i have one last

460
00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:00,400
question that wasn't on the script i saw

461
00:19:04,070 --> 00:19:02,240
the movie gravity

462
00:19:06,710 --> 00:19:04,080
and since i saw that movie i've been

463
00:19:08,390 --> 00:19:06,720
concerned about space trash

464
00:19:10,470 --> 00:19:08,400
and i want to know if you have any

465
00:19:12,549 --> 00:19:10,480
concerns or there's any danger

466
00:19:16,710 --> 00:19:12,559
with trash that's flying through space

467
00:19:19,909 --> 00:19:19,029
we know sir it is a great question and

468
00:19:21,909 --> 00:19:19,919
uh

469
00:19:24,710 --> 00:19:21,919
you know this is not without risk you

470
00:19:26,470 --> 00:19:24,720
know one of the great things about nasa

471
00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:26,480
and the work that we do is everything we

472
00:19:31,750 --> 00:19:29,600
do is focused on risk mitigation and so

473
00:19:33,350 --> 00:19:31,760
i think we have good confidence that we

474
00:19:36,070 --> 00:19:33,360
know where all the items are that are

475
00:19:37,750 --> 00:19:36,080
bigger than a softball for example our

476
00:19:40,470 --> 00:19:37,760
station can protect us for everything

477
00:19:42,070 --> 00:19:40,480
that's about a large marble and smaller

478
00:19:43,909 --> 00:19:42,080
so there's that middle category that

479
00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:43,919
actually is you know we're exposed to

480
00:19:48,230 --> 00:19:46,160
because we have very good technology we

481
00:19:50,789 --> 00:19:48,240
understand a lot about our universe

482
00:19:53,510 --> 00:19:50,799
about our planet and everything that's

483
00:19:55,190 --> 00:19:53,520
in between but we don't know everything

484
00:19:57,510 --> 00:19:55,200
and so one of the things we do here on

485
00:19:59,350 --> 00:19:57,520
board is we train for emergencies and

486
00:20:01,990 --> 00:19:59,360
one of those emergencies would be a

487
00:20:03,750 --> 00:20:02,000
rapid depressurization in which case we

488
00:20:05,830 --> 00:20:03,760
know exactly what to do we're very well

489
00:20:08,149 --> 00:20:05,840
trained and we have a sequence of events

490
00:20:10,470 --> 00:20:08,159
so even though we're exposed to risk up

491
00:20:12,470 --> 00:20:10,480
here uh we mitigate it as best we can

492
00:20:14,549 --> 00:20:12,480
and we recognize there's risk but we

493
00:20:16,310 --> 00:20:14,559
know that the benefit from our space

494
00:20:18,950 --> 00:20:16,320
program especially our human space

495
00:20:21,830 --> 00:20:18,960
program is exceeds any kind of risk that

496
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:21,840
we may be exposed to

497
00:20:25,350 --> 00:20:23,840
well tim and jeff uh i think you'll

498
00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:25,360
agree that we've had some extraordinary

499
00:20:28,230 --> 00:20:27,280
questions from our students

500
00:20:30,390 --> 00:20:28,240
today

501
00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:30,400
and we are so proud of what they've

502
00:20:34,950 --> 00:20:33,200
asked you but we're even prouder of what

503
00:20:36,630 --> 00:20:34,960
you are doing to represent the united

504
00:20:38,950 --> 00:20:36,640
states of america at the international

505
00:20:40,710 --> 00:20:38,960
space station you are inspiring these

506
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:40,720
young people and many more just like

507
00:20:46,710 --> 00:20:43,919
them to follow their dream for science

508
00:20:48,549 --> 00:20:46,720
technology engineering and math thank

509
00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:48,559
you so much for sharing your day with us

510
00:20:52,640 --> 00:21:00,470
thank you so much sir

511
00:21:17,909 --> 00:21:02,149
station this is houston acr that

512
00:21:22,070 --> 00:21:19,909
thank you to all participants and guests

513
00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:22,080
at south suburban college station we are